# OMERO.server installation on RHEL 9/Rocky Linux 9

This is an example walkthrough for installing OMERO on RHEL 9/Rocky Linux 9, using a dedicated local system user. You can use this as a guide for setting up your own test server. For production use you should also read the pages listed under Optimizing Server Configuration. This guide will install Python 3.9. Since 5.6, a new `OMERODIR` variable is used, you should first unset `OMERO_HOME` (if set) before beginning the installation process.

This guide describes how to install using the recommended versions for Java, Ice, PostgreSQL. This should be read in conjunction with Version requirements.

This guide does not describe how to install OMERO.web. To deploy OMERO.web, please read OMERO.web installation on Rocky Linux 9 and IcePy 3.6.

These instructions assume your Linux distribution is configured with a UTF-8 locale (this is normally the default).

For convenience in this walkthrough, we will use the omero-server system user and the main OMERO configuration options have been defined as environment variables. When following this walkthrough you can either use your own values, or alternatively create `settings.env` for example under `/tmp` e.g. `/tmp/settings.env` containing the variables below and source it when required:

    OMERO_DB_USER=db_user
    OMERO_DB_PASS=db_password
    OMERO_DB_NAME=omero_database
    OMERO_ROOT_PASS=omero_root_password
    OMERO_DATA_DIR=/OMERO

    export OMERO_DB_USER OMERO_DB_PASS OMERO_DB_NAME OMERO_ROOT_PASS OMERO_DATA_DIR

    export PGPASSWORD="$OMERO_DB_PASS"

    # Location of the OMERO.server
    export OMERODIR=/opt/omero/server/OMERO.server

    # Location of the virtual environment for omero-py
    VENV_SERVER=/opt/omero/server/venv3

    export ICE_HOME=/opt/ice-3.6.5

    export PATH=$ICE_HOME/bin:$VENV_SERVER/bin:$PATH

## Installing prerequisites

The following steps are run as root.

Install Java 11, Ice 3.6.5 and PostgreSQL 16:

To install Java 11 and other dependencies:

    cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/adoptium.repo
    [Adoptium]
    name=Adoptium
    baseurl=https://packages.adoptium.net/artifactory/rpm/rhel/\$releasever/\$basearch
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://packages.adoptium.net/artifactory/api/gpg/key/public
    EOF

    dnf -y install temurin-11-jdk

    # install dependencies
    # Enable CodeReady Linux Builder repository
    if grep -q "Rocky" /etc/redhat-release; then
      dnf -y install 'dnf-command(config-manager)'
      dnf config-manager --set-enabled crb
    fi
    if grep -q "Red Hat" /etc/redhat-release; then
      subscription-manager repos --enable codeready-builder-for-rhel-9-$(arch)-rpms
    fi

    dnf -y upgrade
    dnf -y install python3.12 tar unzip bzip2 wget bc openssl

To install Ice 3.6.5:

    dnf -y install expat libdb-cxx

    cd /tmp
    wget https://github.com/glencoesoftware/zeroc-ice-rhel9-x86_64/releases/download/20231130/Ice-3.6.5-rhel9-x86_64.tar.gz
    tar xf Ice-3.6.5-rhel9-x86_64.tar.gz
    mv Ice-3.6.5 /opt/ice-3.6.5
    echo /opt/ice-3.6.5/lib64 > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ice-x86_64.conf
    ldconfig

To install PostgreSQL:

    dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-9-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
    dnf -qy module disable postgresql
    dnf -y install postgresql16-server postgresql16
    PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS=--encoding=UTF8  /usr/pgsql-16/bin/postgresql-16-setup initdb

    sed -i.bak -re 's/^(host.*)ident/\1md5/' /var/lib/pgsql/16/data/pg_hba.conf
    sed -i 's/ ident/ trust/g' /var/lib/pgsql/16/data/pg_hba.conf
    systemctl start postgresql-16
    systemctl enable postgresql-16

Note

if you are installing PostgreSQL in a Docker container, some of the commands above will not work. For more details check step01_rocky9_deps.sh

Create a local omero-server system user, and a directory for the OMERO repository:

    useradd -mr omero-server
    # Give a password to the omero user
    # e.g. passwd omero-server
    chmod a+X ~omero-server

    mkdir -p "$OMERO_DATA_DIR"
    chown omero-server "$OMERO_DATA_DIR"

Make the `settings.env` available to the omero-server system user by copying in to the user home directory. The file will need to be sourced each time you switch user. You could add `. ~/settings.env` to the omero-server system user `bash` profile.

Create a database user and initialize a new database for OMERO:

    echo "CREATE USER $OMERO_DB_USER PASSWORD '$OMERO_DB_PASS'" | su - postgres -c psql
    su - postgres -c "createdb -E UTF8 -O '$OMERO_DB_USER' '$OMERO_DB_NAME'"

    psql -P pager=off -h localhost -U "$OMERO_DB_USER" -l

## Installing OMERO.server

The following step is run as root.

We recommend to create a virtual environment and install the Ice Python binding and the dependencies required by the server using `pip`:

    # Create a virtual env
    python3.12 -mvenv $VENV_SERVER

    # Upgrade pip
    $VENV_SERVER/bin/pip install --upgrade pip

    # Install the Ice Python binding
    $VENV_SERVER/bin/pip install https://github.com/glencoesoftware/zeroc-ice-py-linux-x86_64/releases/download/20240202/zeroc_ice-3.6.5-cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
    # Install server dependencies
    $VENV_SERVER/bin/pip install omero-server

Download and unzip OMERO.server:

    cd /opt/omero/server
    SERVER=https://downloads.openmicroscopy.org/omero/5.6/server-ice36.zip
    wget -q $SERVER -O OMERO.server-ice36.zip
    unzip -q OMERO.server*

Change the ownership of the OMERO.server directory and create a symlink:

    # change ownership of the folder
    chown -R omero-server OMERO.server-*
    ln -s OMERO.server-*/ OMERO.server

## Configuring the OMERO.server

The following steps are run as the omero-server system user. (`su - omero-server`)

The variable `OMERODIR` set in `settings.env` above must point to the location where OMERO.server is installed. e.g. `OMERODIR=/path_to_omero_server/OMERO.server`.

Note that this script requires the same environment variables that were set earlier in settings.env, so you may need to copy and/or source this file as the omero user.

Configure the database and the location of the data directory:

    omero config set omero.data.dir "$OMERO_DATA_DIR"
    omero config set omero.db.name "$OMERO_DB_NAME"
    omero config set omero.db.user "$OMERO_DB_USER"
    omero config set omero.db.pass "$OMERO_DB_PASS"
    omero db script -f $OMERODIR/db.sql --password "$OMERO_ROOT_PASS"
    psql -h localhost -U "$OMERO_DB_USER" "$OMERO_DB_NAME" < $OMERODIR/db.sql

Weaker ciphers like ADH are disabled by default in new versions of OpenSSL and TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1 have been dropped from JDK packages. In order to connect to an OMERO.server using any OMERO clients e.g. the Java Desktop client, the OMERO.web client or the CLI and import data, you need to generate self-signed certificates using omero-certificates package.

    omero certificates

## Running the OMERO.server

The following steps are run as the omero-server system user. (`su - omero-server`)

OMERO should now be set up. To start the server run:

    omero admin start

Should you wish to start OMERO automatically, a systemd service file could be created. An example `omero-server-systemd.service` is available.

Copy the `systemd.service` file and configure the service:

    cp omero-server-systemd.service /etc/systemd/system/omero-server.service

    systemctl daemon-reload

    systemctl enable omero-server.service
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=4064/tcp --permanent
    firewall-cmd --reload

You can then start up the service.

## Securing OMERO

The following steps are run as root.

If multiple users have access to the machine running OMERO you should restrict access to OMERO.server’s configuration and runtime directories, and optionally the OMERO data directory:

    chmod go-rwx $OMERODIR/etc $OMERODIR/var

    # Optionally restrict access to the OMERO data directory
    # chmod go-rwx "$OMERO_DATA_DIR"